Author: Nomsa Skosana (SADiLaR isiNdebele Researcher)
//English summary below//
Amabizo-mvango, mhlobo wamabizo akheka ngeenkhekhe zekulumo ezimbili nanyana ezintathu ukuya phezulu (Isihlathululi-mezwi sesiNdebele, 2018:17). Ukwakheka kwamabizo-mvango eLimini lesiNdebele kungezinye zezinto ezenza iLimeli bona kube ngilelo elihlukileko hlangana namanye amaLimi wamaNguni. Ukwakheka kwamabizo-mvango esizokutjheja ngokweenkhekhe zekulumo ezilandelako;
- Ibizo + Isabizwana sokukhomba
- Undaweni + Isabizwana sokukhomba
- Isabizwana samambala + Isabizwana sokukhomba
- Ibizo + Isabizwana sobumnini
- Isabizwana sokukhomba + Isabizwana sobumnini
Amabizo-mvango akheka ngebizo nesabizwana sokukhomba;
- Amabizo-mvango akheka ngebizo nesabizwana sokukhomba alandela imithetho emithathu kizo zoke iingaba zamabizo ezinganamakghadlana. Imithetho yakhona nginasi elandelako;
– Umthetho woku-1
Isivumelwana sesabizwana sokukhomba u-l kizo zoke iingaba zamabizo ezinganaye umakghadlana siyakhithika;
Isibonelo (Isib.): Isigaba (Isig.) 2: laba= -aba
Abasan(a) + (l)abo= abasanabo
– Umthetho wesi-2
Woke amabizo agcina ngokamisa u-a, e namkha u-i akhithiza iinlungelelwezi lokha nakahlangana nesabizwana sokukhomba;
Isib. Isig. 7: Isitj(a) + (l)esi= Isitjesi
– Umthetho wesi-3
Woke amabizo agcina ngokamisa u-o no-u ayatjhuguluka abe ngusingakamisa u-w nakahlangana nesabizwana sokukhomba;
Isib. Isig. 2 abantu + (l)aba= abantwaba
Amabizo-mvango akheka ngondaweni nesabizwana sokukhomba
- Isabizwana sokukhomba sithi nasihlangana nondaweni sikhithize isivumelwano saso u-l, undaweni naye akhithize ukamisa osilungelelo;
Isib. Ekhay(a) + (l)a= ekhaya
Amabizo-mvango akheka ngesabizwana samambala nesokukhomba
- Isabizwana sokukhomba sikhithiza isivumelwano u-l lokha nasiza ngemva kwesabizwana samambala kuthi isabizwana samambala sona sikhithize ukamisa waso osilungelelo;
Isib. Isig. 2: Bon(a) + (l)abo= bonabo
Umthetho ongehla lo awusebenzi lokha isabizwana sokukhomba silandelwa ngesamambala;
Isib. Isig. 2: Laba + bona= laba bona
Amabizo-mvango akheka ngebizo nesabizwana sobumnini
- Amabizo-mvango akheka ngebizo nesabizwana sobumnini avela kanengi eengabeni zamabizo ezinomakghadlana (isig. 1,3,4,6,9 nesi-1a)
Isib. Isig. 1a: umm(a) + (w)akhe= ummakhe
- Kunemithetho emi-2 yokwakheka kwamabizo-mvango okukusebenzisa ibizo nesabizwana sobumnini;
– Umthetho woku- 1
Amabizo agcina ngabokamisa u-o no-u, atjhugulula ukamisa lo abe ngusingakamisa u-w lokha nakahlangana nesirhunyezo sobumnini;
Isi. Isig. 1: ugogo + (w)ami= ugogwami
: umkhulu + (w)akho= umkhulwakho
– Umthetho wesi- 2
YELELA! Usingakamisa u-w uyakhithika lokha nakahlangana nondebembili;
Isib. Isig. 3: umlomo + (w)ami= umlomwami> usingakamisa u-w uyakhithika,
= umlomami
– Umthetho wesi- 3
Amabizo agcina ngeenlungelelo zabokamisa u-a, e no-i, zikhithiza abokamisaba;
Isib. Isig. 1: umfaz(i) + (w)ami=umfazami
Amabizo-mvango akheka ngesabizwana sokukhomba nesabizwana sobumnini
- Izabizwana ezimbilezi zakha amabizo-mvango ngokulandela imithetho esele iveziwe ngehla;
Isib. Isig. 2: bam(i) + (l)abo= bamabo
Isig. 5: lakho + (l)eli= lakhweli
Ngile indlela amabizo-mvango akheka ngayo eLimini lesiNdebele ngokusebenzisa iinkhekhe zekulumo ezihlukileko (Skhosana, 2006).
ISILULULWAZI
Isihlathululi-mezwi siseNdebele. 2015. South Africa: RSA National Lexicography Units.
Skhosana, P.B. 2006. AFT:752 Capita Selecta IsiNdebele linguistics. University of Pretoria: Department of African Languages.
Topic: Compound nouns
IsiNdebele has a salient feature that distinguishes it from other Nguni languages, which is the strong tendency it has of compounding nouns that occur between words in the following word classes:
- nouns + demonstrative pronouns
- locative nouns + demonstrative pronouns
- absolute pronouns + demonstrative pronouns
- nouns+ possessive pronouns
- demonstrative pronouns + possessive pronouns
One of the most salient features of demonstratives in isiNdebele is the fact that they compound with the co-referent noun. This is a typical Ndebele feature which it shares with none of the other Nguni languages i.e. Zulu, Swati and Xhosa.
Example: abantwaba [abantu + (l)aba] bayathandana
: “These people love each other”