Ukwakheka kwamabizo-mvango

Author: Nomsa Skosana (SADiLaR isiNdebele Researcher)

//English summary below//

Amabizo-mvango, mhlobo wamabizo akheka ngeenkhekhe zekulumo ezimbili nanyana ezintathu ukuya phezulu (Isihlathululi-mezwi sesiNdebele, 2018:17). Ukwakheka kwamabizo-mvango eLimini lesiNdebele kungezinye zezinto ezenza iLimeli bona kube ngilelo elihlukileko hlangana namanye amaLimi wamaNguni. Ukwakheka kwamabizo-mvango esizokutjheja ngokweenkhekhe zekulumo ezilandelako;

  • Ibizo + Isabizwana sokukhomba
  • Undaweni + Isabizwana sokukhomba
  • Isabizwana samambala + Isabizwana sokukhomba
  • Ibizo + Isabizwana sobumnini
  • Isabizwana sokukhomba + Isabizwana sobumnini

Amabizo-mvango akheka ngebizo nesabizwana sokukhomba;

  • Amabizo-mvango akheka ngebizo nesabizwana sokukhomba alandela imithetho emithathu kizo zoke iingaba zamabizo ezinganamakghadlana. Imithetho yakhona nginasi elandelako;

              – Umthetho woku-1

Isivumelwana sesabizwana sokukhomba u-l kizo zoke iingaba zamabizo ezinganaye umakghadlana siyakhithika;

            Isibonelo (Isib.): Isigaba (Isig.) 2: laba= -aba

                                                                  Abasan(a) + (l)abo= abasanabo


              – Umthetho wesi-2

Woke amabizo agcina ngokamisa u-a, e namkha u-i akhithiza iinlungelelwezi lokha nakahlangana nesabizwana sokukhomba;

            Isib. Isig. 7: Isitj(a) + (l)esi= Isitjesi

              – Umthetho wesi-3

Woke amabizo agcina ngokamisa u-o no-u ayatjhuguluka abe ngusingakamisa u-w nakahlangana nesabizwana sokukhomba;

            Isib. Isig. 2 abantu + (l)aba= abantwaba

Amabizo-mvango akheka ngondaweni nesabizwana sokukhomba

  • Isabizwana sokukhomba sithi nasihlangana nondaweni sikhithize isivumelwano saso u-l, undaweni naye akhithize ukamisa osilungelelo;

Isib. Ekhay(a) + (l)a= ekhaya

 Amabizo-mvango akheka ngesabizwana samambala nesokukhomba

  • Isabizwana sokukhomba sikhithiza isivumelwano u-l lokha nasiza ngemva kwesabizwana samambala kuthi isabizwana samambala sona sikhithize ukamisa waso osilungelelo;

Isib. Isig. 2: Bon(a) + (l)abo= bonabo

Umthetho ongehla lo awusebenzi lokha isabizwana sokukhomba silandelwa ngesamambala;

            Isib. Isig. 2: Laba + bona= laba bona

Amabizo-mvango akheka ngebizo nesabizwana sobumnini

  • Amabizo-mvango akheka ngebizo nesabizwana sobumnini avela kanengi eengabeni zamabizo ezinomakghadlana (isig. 1,3,4,6,9 nesi-1a)

               Isib. Isig. 1a: umm(a) + (w)akhe= ummakhe

  • Kunemithetho emi-2 yokwakheka kwamabizo-mvango okukusebenzisa ibizo nesabizwana sobumnini;

                 – Umthetho woku- 1

Amabizo agcina ngabokamisa u-o no-u, atjhugulula ukamisa lo abe ngusingakamisa u-w lokha nakahlangana nesirhunyezo sobumnini;

            Isi. Isig. 1: ugogo + (w)ami= ugogwami

                           : umkhulu + (w)akho= umkhulwakho 

                 – Umthetho wesi- 2

                 YELELA! Usingakamisa u-w uyakhithika lokha nakahlangana nondebembili;

           Isib. Isig. 3: umlomo + (w)ami= umlomwami> usingakamisa u-w uyakhithika,

                                                          = umlomami

                  – Umthetho wesi- 3

Amabizo agcina ngeenlungelelo zabokamisa u-a, e no-i, zikhithiza abokamisaba;

Isib. Isig. 1: umfaz(i) + (w)ami=umfazami

Amabizo-mvango akheka ngesabizwana sokukhomba nesabizwana sobumnini

  • Izabizwana ezimbilezi zakha amabizo-mvango ngokulandela imithetho esele iveziwe ngehla;

Isib. Isig. 2: bam(i) + (l)abo= bamabo

       Isig. 5: lakho + (l)eli= lakhweli

Ngile indlela amabizo-mvango akheka ngayo eLimini lesiNdebele ngokusebenzisa iinkhekhe zekulumo ezihlukileko (Skhosana, 2006).

ISILULULWAZI

Isihlathululi-mezwi siseNdebele. 2015. South Africa: RSA National Lexicography Units.

Skhosana, P.B. 2006. AFT:752 Capita Selecta IsiNdebele linguistics. University of Pretoria: Department of African Languages.


Topic: Compound nouns

IsiNdebele has a salient feature that distinguishes it from other Nguni languages, which is the strong tendency it has of compounding nouns that occur between words in the following word classes:

  • nouns + demonstrative pronouns
  • locative nouns + demonstrative pronouns
  • absolute pronouns + demonstrative pronouns
  • nouns+ possessive pronouns
  • demonstrative pronouns + possessive pronouns

One of the most salient features of demonstratives in isiNdebele is the fact that they compound with the co-referent noun. This is a typical Ndebele feature which it shares with none of the other Nguni languages i.e. Zulu, Swati and Xhosa.

Example: abantwaba [abantu + (l)aba] bayathandana

              : “These people love each other”