{"id":6743,"date":"2021-07-16T05:55:48","date_gmt":"2021-07-16T05:55:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sadilar.org\/voyant-dh-tools\/"},"modified":"2023-08-24T14:57:15","modified_gmt":"2023-08-24T14:57:15","slug":"voyant-dh-tools","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sadilar.org\/en\/voyant-dh-tools\/","title":{"rendered":"Voyant bjalo ka senolofat\u0161i sa phetleko ya dingwalo"},"content":{"rendered":"

Author: Dimakatso Mathe (SADiLaR Sesotho sa Leboa researcher)<\/a><\/span>
English translation for this blog at the bottom.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lenaneo la go dira diphati\u0161i\u0161o le akaret\u0161a go tsitsinkela sengwalo ka leihlo la nt\u0161hot\u0161honono ka maikemi\u0161et\u0161o a go utulla se monyaki\u0161i\u0161i a ratago go se nepi\u0161a. Le ge go le bjalo, go na le t\u0161eo leihlo la nama le ka \u0161itwago go di lemoga ge sengwalo seo e le se setelele. Go fa mohlala, modiro wa go bala gore leina la moanegwa yo a it\u0161ego le t\u0161welela gakae sengwalong sa padi, e ka ba se sengwe seo leihlo le ka \u0161itwago go se phethagat\u0161a. Ka mahlatse, sediri\u0161wa sa go swana le Voyant[1]<\/a>, se ka phethagat\u0161a modiro wo ka ponyo ya leihlo le go go fa dipoelo t\u0161a go kgodi\u0161a t\u0161eo di nepaget\u0161ego. Voyant ke sediri\u0161wa sa inthanete seo se tsebjago kudu morerong wa dithuto t\u0161a botho t\u0161a dit\u0161itale (Digital Humanities)<\/em>. Moreromogolo wa sediri\u0161wa se ke go nolofat\u0161a modiro wa go fetleka tshedimo\u0161o, ka maikemi\u0161et\u0161o a go fihlelela goba go tii\u0161et\u0161a kgopolo yeo e it\u0161ego ya phati\u0161i\u0161o. Sona se thu\u0161a go bea pepeneneng diteng t\u0161a tshedimo\u0161o ya sengwalo t\u0161eo di ka gogago \u0161edi ya monyaki\u0161i\u0161i ntle le go badi\u0161i\u0161a sengwalo go tloga mathomong go fihlela mafelelong. Ntlha yona ye o fet\u0161ago go e bala, re tla boela go yona mafelelong a sengwalo se gore re e otlolle.<\/span><\/p>\n

Seswant\u0161ho se se t\u0161welelago ka fase, se swailwe ka ditlhaka t\u0161a go tloga go A<\/strong> go fihlela go E<\/strong>, gomme t\u0161ona di laet\u0161a t\u0161e dingwe t\u0161a dikarolo t\u0161a Voyant t\u0161e di ka diri\u0161wago go fetleka tshedimo\u0161o. T\u0161ona ke cirrus <\/em>(A)<\/strong>, reader <\/em>(B)<\/strong>, trends <\/em>(C)<\/strong>, summary<\/em><\/strong> (D)<\/strong> le contexts <\/em>(E)<\/strong>. Theri\u0161ano ya rena e tla ithekga ka t\u0161ona dikarolo t\u0161e di bolet\u0161wego gomme ra tsopola ka boripana me\u0161omo goba mehola ya t\u0161ona. Diteng t\u0161e di lego ka seswant\u0161hong se sa Voyant di t\u0161erwe kanegelong yeo e phatlaladit\u0161wego ke Nal\u2019ibali<\/em> inthaneteng [2]<\/strong><\/a><\/em>. Yona e tsent\u0161hit\u0161we ka go sediri\u0161wa sa Voyant ka mokgwa wa go ngwatha diteng t\u0161a sengwalo gomme t\u0161a pharwa ka go Voyant, ke gore \u201ccut & paste<\/em>\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Seswant\u0161ho sa Voyant<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

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Mohola wa karolo ya cirrus<\/em><\/strong> yeo e swailwego ka tlhaka ya A<\/strong> seswant\u0161hong, ke go hlagi\u0161a goba gona go bonagat\u0161a mant\u0161u ao a t\u0161welelago gant\u0161i go feta a mangwe sengwalong. Mant\u0161u ao a t\u0161weledit\u0161we ka mebala ya go fapana ebile re lemoga gore ke a magolo kudu ge a bapet\u0161wa le mant\u0161u a mangwe ao a hlagi\u0161it\u0161wego. Ge o batamet\u0161a ntlhanakhomphuthara (mouse pointer) kgauswi le mant\u0161u ao a hwet\u0161agalago ka go cirrus<\/em>, o tla kgona go bona gore lent\u0161u leo le t\u0161welela gakae swengwalong seo. Gona fao, re lemoga gore lent\u0161u le \u201cTemo\u201d ke le lengwe la mant\u0161u ao a t\u0161welelelago gant\u0161i sengwalong. Se ga se makat\u0161e ka ge moanegwathwadi wa kanegelo e le Temo, gomme ditiragalo t\u0161a kanegelo di dikuloga godimo ga gagwe. Seo ke sona se hlolago gore a fele a t\u0161welela kgafet\u0161a kanegelong ka ge e le moanegwathwadi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ge re gatela pele, karolo ya reader<\/em><\/strong>, yeo e swailwego ka tlhaka ya B<\/strong> seswant\u0161hong sa rena, yona mohola wa yona ke go kgont\u0161ha monyaki\u0161i\u0161i (goba modiri\u0161i wa Voyant) go bala sengwalo go ya le ka mokgwa wo se t\u0161welelago ka gona. Ka mant\u0161u a mangwe, diteng t\u0161a kanegelo di alwa go tloga mathomong go fihla mafelelong go ya le ka mokgwa wo di t\u0161welelago ka gona sengwalong. Go swana le karolong ya cirrus<\/em>, ge o batamet\u0161a ntlhanakhomphuthara godimo ga lent\u0161u le lengwe le le lengwe, go t\u0161welela tshedimo\u0161o ya go laet\u0161a gore lent\u0161u leo le t\u0161welela gakae sengwalong.<\/span><\/p>\n

Karolo ya trends<\/em><\/strong>, ye e laedit\u0161wego ka tlhaka ya C<\/strong>, ke kerafo ye e laet\u0161ago bont\u0161i bja mant\u0161u go ya le ka moo a t\u0161welelago dikarolong t\u0161a sengwalo. Mebala ya methalokerafo e nyalelana le ya mant\u0161u ao a t\u0161welelago ka go cirrus<\/em>. Le ge a mangwe a mant\u0161u ao a t\u0161welelago go feta a mangwe a ka t\u0161welet\u0161wa ka mebala ya go swana, bjale ka ge re bona mant\u0161u[3]<\/a> a \u201ca\u201d le \u201cba\u201d a t\u0161welet\u0161wa ka talalerata seswant\u0161hong, ge o batamet\u0161a ntlhanakhomphuthara godimo ga mothalokerafo, o tla hwet\u0161a tshedimo\u0161o ka botlalo mabapi le lent\u0161u le mothalokerafo o le emet\u0161ego. Go feta fao, go na le mapokisana ka godimo ga methalokerafo ao a bont\u0161hago gore mebala ya methalokerafo e emet\u0161e mant\u0161u afe.<\/span><\/p>\n

Karolo ya D<\/strong>, yeo e lego summary<\/em><\/strong>, yona ke kakaret\u0161o ya tshedimo\u0161o ya sengwalo ka ge e itlhalo\u0161a. E laet\u0161a palomoka ya dingwalwa t\u0161e di fetlekwago (ke se setee mo lebakeng le), palomoka ya mant\u0161u ao a hwet\u0161wago sengwalong (1 092), nako yeo tshedimo\u0161o e tsent\u0161hit\u0161wego ka go sediri\u0161wa sa Voyant (e hlamilwe gona bjale), gammogo le palomoka ya mant\u0161u ao a hlamago mafoko (bont\u0161i bja mafoko a sengwalo se a bop\u0161a ke mant\u0161u a 13). Ka go le lengwe, contexts<\/em><\/strong> ye e swailwego ka tlhaka ya E<\/strong> le yona e laet\u0161a lent\u0161u le le t\u0161welelago ka bont\u0161i. Ga go felele fao, se se ikgethilego ka yona ke gore e laet\u0161a sekafoko se se t\u0161welelago ka go la nngele le sa ka go la go ja ga lent\u0161u leo. Ka go realo, e laet\u0161a t\u0161homi\u0161o ya lent\u0161u leo ka go utulla dikafoko t\u0161e di panago mmogo le lona lent\u0161u leo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Go na le dikarolo t\u0161e dingwe t\u0161a Voyant t\u0161eo re sego ra bolela ka t\u0161ona sengwalong se, ebile o hlohlelet\u0161wa go ikgwathela t\u0161ona maitekelong a gago a go ithuta le go \u0161omi\u0161a Voyant. Ke t\u0161e dint\u0161e t\u0161e Voyant e ka di dirago, eup\u0161a go na le t\u0161eo e ka se go direlego t\u0161ona. Se se re bu\u0161et\u0161a ntlheng ye e kgwathilwego matsenong mabapi le bokgoni bja Voyant bja go utullela monyaki\u0161i\u0161i tshedimo\u0161o ya go tanya \u0161edi ntle le go badi\u0161i\u0161a sengwalo go tloga mathomong go fihla mafelelong. Voyant e kgona go bala palo ya mant\u0161u sengwallong eup\u0161a seo e ka se kego ya se dira ke go go utullela moko goba morero wa sengwalo. Se se laet\u0161a gabotse gore go tloga go le bohlokwa gore o ipalele sengwalo le go kwe\u0161i\u0161a diteng t\u0161a sona gore o kgone go hlatholla tswalano magareng ga mant\u0161u ao a t\u0161welelago kudu sengwalong bjale ka ge go t\u0161weledit\u0161we seswant\u0161hong. Ka mant\u0161u a mangwe, Voyant e ka se go direle phati\u0161i\u0161o eup\u0161a go molaleng gore e tla go nolofalet\u0161a morero wa go dira phati\u0161i\u0161o. Ge o na le kgahlego ya go ithuta kut\u0161wana ka ga Voyant, o se ke wa diega go ikgokaganya le SADiLaR gore o dire kgopelo ya go fiwa tlhahlo ntle le tefo. Gore o hwet\u0161e tshedimo\u0161o ka botlalo mabapi le go dira kgopelo ya tlhahlo ya Voyant go t\u0161wa go SADiLaR, kgotla mo<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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[1]<\/a> Gore o fihlelele sediri\u0161wa sa Voyant, kgotla mo https:\/\/voyant-tools.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> O ka fihlelela sengwalo se go bolelwago ka sona go https:\/\/nalibali.org\/story-library\/multilingual-stories\/temo-le-mahodu-dimela<\/span><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Lemoga gore mo sengwalong se, lereo le mant\u0161u\/lent\u0161u le \u0161omi\u0161wa ntle le go \u0161et\u0161a gore ke karolo efe ya sehlophant\u0161u goba mohuta ofe wa sekant\u0161u.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Voyant as enabler tool for text analysis<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Research process involves scrutinising texts with the purpose of achieving a particular aim. However, there are certain tasks which might not be easily achieved manually if the text is too long. As an example, counting how many times the name of a particular character appears in the novel can be a daunting task. Fortunately, Voyant[1]<\/a> can perform this task in the blink of an eye and provide convincing, credible and accurate results. Voyant is an internet application that is well known in Digital Humanities. This application is mainly used for text analysis, with the aim of achieving or strengthening a research idea. The application helps to visualise texts which might be of interest to the researcher without having to go through the entire document. This point will be elucidated in the conclusion of this discussion.<\/span><\/p>\n

The illustration below is labelled A<\/strong> – E<\/strong> and shows some of Voyant\u2019s features that can be used to analyse text, i.e. cirrus (A)<\/strong>, reader (B)<\/strong>, trends (C)<\/strong>, summary<\/strong> (D)<\/strong> and contexts (E)<\/strong>. Our discussion will be based on these features and we will briefly explain their functions. The contents in the Voyant illustration were taken from a Nal\u2019ibali<\/em>[2]<\/strong><\/em><\/a> source published on the internet. It was inserted in the Voyant application by means of cutting the selected texts of the document and pasting them into Voyant.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Voyant illustration <\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

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The function of the cirrus <\/strong>feature, marked A<\/strong> on the illustration, is to visualise words that appear more frequently than others in the document. The words have been highlighted in different colours and the observation is that they are even bigger when compared to other words presented above. When you drag the mouse pointer closer to the words that are found in the cirrus, you can see how many times a word appears in the document. Looking at the illustration, it is clear that the word \u201cTemo\u201d is one of the words that appears more frequently in the document. This is not surprising as the main character of the story is Temo, and the events in the story revolve around her.<\/span><\/p>\n

The function of the reader<\/strong> feature, marked B<\/strong> on our illustration, is to enable the researcher (or the Voyant user) to read the document as it appears in its original form. In other words, the contents of the story are outlined according to how they appear from beginning to end in the document. If you move the mouse pointer over a word, additional information appears that shows how many times the word appears in the document.<\/span><\/p>\n

The trends <\/strong>feature, marked C<\/strong>, is a graph that shows the distribution of word frequency, i.e. how often words appear in the sections of the document. The colours of the graph lines are associated with words that appear in the cirrus. Although some of the frequent words are presented in the same colour, as we can see with words[3]<\/a> such as \u201co\u201d and \u201cba\u201d appearing in light blue on the illustration, if you drag the mouse pointer over the graph line, you find further details regarding the word that is represented by the graph line. Moreover, there are boxes above the graph lines showing which words are represented by different colours of the graph lines.<\/span><\/p>\n

Feature D<\/strong>, which is summary<\/strong>, is an overview of the information in the document. It shows the total number of documents that are being analysed (currently there is one), the total number of words found in the document (1 092), when the information was uploaded in the Voyant tool (has just been created), and the average number of words used to create sentences (most of the sentences in the document are formed by 13 words). On the other hand, the contexts, <\/strong>marked E,<\/strong> also shows the most frequent words. What stands out about it is that it shows the phrases on either side of that word. Therefore, it shows the context of the word by including phrases which are in combination with that word.<\/span><\/p>\n

There are other Voyant features which were not mentioned in this discussion, therefore you are encouraged to click on them yourselves as you explore and learn how to use Voyant. There is a lot that Voyant can do, but it also has its limitations. This takes us back to the point we touched on in the introduction regarding Voyant\u2019s efficiency to visualise text which might be of interest to the researcher without having to re-read the document from beginning to end. Voyant can count the number of words in a document, but it cannot reveal the main purpose or theme of a text. This clearly shows that it is very important that you should read the text and understand the content so that you may be able to describe the relation between words appearing frequently in the text. In other words, Voyant cannot do research on your behalf, but it can facilitate the process of doing research. If you are interested to learn more about Voyant, do not hesitate to contact SADiLaR. For more information regarding training on Voyant from SADiLaR, click here<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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[1]<\/a> To access the Voyant application, click here https:\/\/voyant-tools.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> You may access the aforementioned document on https:\/\/nalibali.org\/story-library\/multilingual-stories\/temo-le-mahodu-dimela<\/span><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Note that in this text, the term word\/words has been used without taking into account the parts of speech or morphemes of the forms mentioned.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Author: Dimakatso Mathe (SADiLaR Sesotho sa Leboa researcher)English translation for this blog at the bottom. Lenaneo la go dira diphati\u0161i\u0161o le akaret\u0161a go tsitsinkela sengwalo ka leihlo la nt\u0161hot\u0161honono ka maikemi\u0161et\u0161o a go utulla se monyaki\u0161i\u0161i a ratago go se nepi\u0161a. Le ge go le bjalo, go na le t\u0161eo leihlo la nama le ka […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":246,"featured_media":6742,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[741],"tags":[745,770,857],"class_list":["post-6743","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blogs","tag-digital-humanities","tag-research","tag-voyant"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sadilar.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6743","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sadilar.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sadilar.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sadilar.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/246"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sadilar.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6743"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sadilar.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6743\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6876,"href":"https:\/\/sadilar.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6743\/revisions\/6876"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sadilar.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6742"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sadilar.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6743"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sadilar.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6743"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sadilar.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6743"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}